Researchers replaced the conventional 20 nm SnOₓ buffer layer with just 3 nm of ALD-deposited AlOₓ, which protected inverted perovskite cells from ITO sputtering damage while maintaining efficient ...

Vacuum coating of plastic substrates using conventional batch process machinery requires a significant investment on the part of the processor as well as high labor requirements for manual ...

This video shows SemicoreEquipment's sputtering manufacturing process. This process starts when a substrate to be coated is placed in a vacuum chamber containing an inert gas. The negative charge is ...

Atoms of a solid surface are removed under irradiation by energetic ions. This phenomenon is called "sputter etching." The sputter etching process is governed by collisions between the irradiated ...

Modifying surfaces by shooting particles at them - this technique, called 'sputtering', is indispensable in surface science. However, if the surface is not perfectly smooth and regular, it is hard to ...

Sputtering Technique Sputtering is a process wherein a controlled gas, typically chemically inert argon, is introduced into a vacuum chamber and then a cathode is electrically energized to generate a ...

Midsummer has developed a high speed process for manufacturing of CIGS solar cells utilising sputtering of all layers in the solar cell structure. Midsummer recently achieved a 15 per cent active area ...