Electro-optical photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) have demonstrated the vast capabilities of materials with a high Pockels coefficient 1, 2 . They enable linear ...

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...

The lithium niobate thin-film modulator was designed to achieve a modulation frequency of 350 kHz within the 0–2π phase range, further realizing high speed control of optical field coherence.

This study demonstrates a compact optical modulation platform that enables real-time, high-resolution spectroscopy using sub-MHz interleaved combs generated via chip-scale acousto-optic phase ...