A tiny superconducting engine has successfully converted heat near absolute zero into useful work, demonstrating the first cyclic quantum heat engine of its kind. Future versions could operate ...

In reality, real heat engines are not reversible and lose energy in the form of heat. Thus, the efficiency of a real heat engine is always less than that of a Carnot heat engine operating between the ...

Recent improvements in our understanding of how the principles of thermodynamics apply in the quantum realm could give a boost to quantum technology, and a clearer picture of quantum thermodynamics ...