Umbilical vessel catheterization is a routine practice for vascular access in critically ill neonates. Radiographs are used to confirm correct placement and to help distinguish between umbilical ...
The shunts ensure that the circulating blood in the fetus has high oxygen saturation to meet the demand of rapidly growing fetal tissue. The blood that enters the fetal circulation divides into two ...
Six major international and national guidelines on fetal growth restriction (FGR) converge on Doppler-based surveillance and standard preterm interventions but diverge substantially on how FGR is ...