If the outer solar system’s first solid bodies had come with a recipe, it would have called for a generous helping of chondrules, millimeter-sized beads of rock forged by heat, and very little icy ...

When the solar system first took up the task of building solid bodies—such as planets, moons and protoplanets—it basically had a choice between two ingredients: heat-forged chondrules, which were ...

Ancient iron meteorites reveal that some of the Solar System’s first solid bodies were built mostly from tiny heat-forged rock beads called chondrules, while water-rich dust was largely excluded. The ...