The author is president of Omnia Audio in Cleveland. The FM stereo transmission system employed in worldwide broadcasting has been in place since 1961. The rules governing stereophonic performance ...

Designing and testing communications systems with analog baseband I/Q (BBIQ) circuits can be a challenge for RF engineers. The goal is to make traditional signal-analysis measurements in the spectral ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

Overcoming the issues of DC offset in Direct Conversion for Software Defined Radios. Modulation is a process by which characteristics of a high-frequency carrier signal are altered to convey ...

How to optimise digital modulation accuracy in an IQ modulator? Bruce Hemp and Peter Stroet from Linear Technology describe how a vector signal analyser helps ...

At the time of original publication, the author was senior scientist at Continental Electronics. He retired in 2017. The text below is as originally published in 2010 and is provided here as an ...

Modulation is the process of varying a higher frequency carrier wave to transmit information. Though it is theoretically possible to transmit baseband signals (or information) without modulating it, ...